Reference tools for the machines themselves — storage layout, capacity, and the trade-offs that come with keeping data safe, the networks that connect them, and the binary underneath it all.
Usable capacity, how many drives can fail, throughput, cost and rebuild risk — for every RAID level side by side.
Measure what your browser is really presenting at, from 60 Hz to 500 and beyond — with jitter, dropped frames, 1% lows and a variable-refresh check.
Entropy in bits against five classes of attacker — and why a five-word passphrase beats eight random characters by four thousand times.
Network and broadcast addresses, subnet mask, host range and usable-host counts for any IPv4 CIDR block — plus subnet splitting.
How far to sit from a screen, and whether you would actually see the difference between 1080p, 4K and 8K from there — measured against your own eyesight.
Convert between binary, hex, octal and decimal, flip bits by hand on a visual grid, and watch bitwise operations combine column by column.
How long a download or upload takes at a given speed — movies, games, backups. Same math as the Speed Test use-cards.
A real, live download and latency test with real-time graphs and a moving average — then what it means in 4K streams, movies and game downloads.