Structural & mechanical reference

Mechanical

Structural, mechanical and machine-element reference — the numbers that come up constantly on the bench or in the field. Pick one below.

Beam Bench

Deflection, bending stress, and safety factor for five standard support & load cases — load, shear, moment, and deflection drawn live.

δ = 5wL⁴⁄384EI · σ = M⁄Z
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Pipe Flow & Pressure Drop

Darcy–Weisbach head loss with a live Moody diagram — flow rate, pipe size, material, and fluid in, pressure drop out.

ΔP = f·(L⁄D)·(ρv²⁄2)
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Bolt Torque & Preload

Pick a bolt size, grade, and lubrication condition — get the installation torque, with a realistic ±25% uncertainty band.

T = K·D·F
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Unit Converter

Length, mass, pressure, energy, power, temperature and more — twelve categories with exact standard factors and a live reference table.

12 categories · exact factors
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Fluid Properties

Viscosity, density and specific gravity for oils, fuels and common fluids — with live viscosity-versus-temperature curves you can compare side by side.

ν · μ · ρ · temperature curves
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PV Diagram

Otto, Diesel, Brayton and Carnot ideal cycles — real state-by-state thermodynamics, with net work as the area enclosed.

η = 1 − r^(1−γ) and friends
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Gear Train Calculator

Overall ratio, output speed, torque and rotation direction for up to three meshed gear stages, with mesh efficiency.

ratio = N_driven / N_driver
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Spring Rate Calculator

Helical compression spring stiffness, deflection and coil shear stress, with the Wahl correction and a safe-load limit.

k = Gd⁴ / (8D³n)
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Column Buckling Calculator

Euler's formula for slender columns with automatic Johnson-formula fallback for short ones — critical load for any end condition.

Pcr = π²EI / (KL)²
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Hydraulic Force

Pressure times area is force. Solve F = P·A, see the cylinder to scale, and watch a small piston multiply into a big load through Pascal's principle.

F = P·A · force multiplier
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Limits & Fits

ISO 286 hole and shaft tolerances for any nominal size, the clearance or interference between them, and a to-scale tolerance-zone diagram.

H7/g6 · IT grades · clearance/interference
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Bearing Calculator

ISO 281 L10 bearing life — dynamic load rating, equivalent load and speed, with a quick-reference table of standard bearing sizes.

L10 = (C/P)^p × 10⁶ rev
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O-Ring Calculator

AS568 groove and gland design — squeeze, stretch and gland fill for static or dynamic seals, against standard cross-sections.

squeeze % · fill % · groove depth
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Circlip Calculator

DIN 471/472 retaining ring groove dimensions and thrust load capacity, for external (shaft) or internal (bore) rings.

groove Ø · Fₙ · Fᵣ (kN)
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Results from every tool here are for reference only. Check them against other sources before relying on them for a real decision.