45° for range — in a vacuum

What angle gives the longest throw?

Without air drag, 45° maximizes projectile range; with drag, the real optimum is nearer 30–40°.

Why it works

Drag punishes time spent moving fast through air, favouring flatter launches. Shot-putters release near 37–38°.

Do it exactly

Estimate with the rule, then check it against the calculator that models it properly.

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