Mathematics · time

Clock Angle Calculator

The angle between the hands at any time, with the working — plus every overlap and right angle.
|30H − 5.5M|

The time

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Every time in a 12-hour cycle is listed on the right. Click one to load it.

3:30

Times the hands are 90° apart

Field notes

Why clock problems trip people up

How it works

Two hands, two speeds

A clock face is 360°, so each of the 12 hour marks is 30° apart and each minute mark is 6° apart. The minute hand moves 6° per minute. The hour hand moves 0.5° per minute — thirty degrees an hour, spread across sixty minutes. Almost every mistake in these problems comes from forgetting that second number and leaving the hour hand parked on its mark.

Worked example

At 3:30 the minute hand is at 30 × 6 = 180°. The hour hand is not at 90° — it has spent half an hour creeping toward 4, so it sits at (3 × 30) + (30 × 0.5) = 105°. The difference is 75°, not the 90° most people answer. The shortcut |30H − 5.5M| gives |90 − 165| = 75 in one step.

What is the formula for the angle between clock hands?

Take the absolute difference between the hour hand at 30H + 0.5M and the minute hand at 6M, which simplifies to |30H − 5.5M|. If that exceeds 180°, subtract from 360° for the smaller angle between the hands.

Why is the hour hand 0.5° per minute?

It covers 360° in 12 hours — 30° per hour — and 30 ÷ 60 = 0.5° per minute. Leaving the hour hand on its mark is the single most common error in these problems.

What is the angle at 3:30?

75°, not 90°. The minute hand is at 180° and the hour hand has moved halfway from 3 to 4, reaching 105°.

How often do the hands overlap?

Every 720/11 minutes — 65 minutes and 27.27 seconds. That is 11 overlaps in 12 hours and 22 in a day, not 12 and 24, because the minute hand must make up a whole lap on a target that is itself moving.

How many times a day are the hands at right angles?

44. The hands pass through 90° twice in each overlap cycle, and there are 22 cycles a day.