DIY · fixings

Screw & Stud Sizing Selector

The right fixing for the wall and the weight — not just the biggest one.
UK studs: 400mm or 600mm centres
Plasterboard · 5 kg

Wall type

Load

Plasterboard

for stud spacing

Wall cross-section

UK stud spacing reference

Board thicknessMax centresUS equivalentStuds per 1200mm board
9.5 mm plasterboard400 mm~16 in OC3
12.5 mm plasterboard600 mm~24 in OC2
Reference

Wood screw gauge guide

GaugeTypical diameterCommon use
No. 4–62.9–3.5 mmSmall hinges, light fittings, cabinet hardware
No. 84.2 mmGeneral DIY — shelving brackets, most fixtures
No. 104.8 mmHeavier shelving, door furniture, decking
No. 12–145.5–6.3 mmStructural timber connections, heavy brackets
Rule of thumb for length: the screw should penetrate at least 2–3 times its own diameter into solid timber beyond whatever it's passing through — for a stud wall, that means well past the plasterboard and solidly into the stud itself, not just catching the front face.
Field notes

What actually holds, and what just feels like it does

Using this tool

Matching the fixing to the wall, not just the weight

The same weight needs a completely different fixing depending on what's actually behind the surface. A timber or metal stud, found with a stud finder or the knock test, is always the strongest option — a wood screw driven straight into solid timber comfortably out-holds almost anything you'd hang in a home. Solid masonry needs a wall plug sized to the load. Plasterboard with nothing solid behind it is the trickiest case: the board itself is the weak point, not the fixing.

Worked example

An 18 kg TV bracket on plasterboard with no stud nearby is a genuinely risky fixing even spread across multiple standard plasterboard plugs — independent destructive testing has found plasterboard itself typically fails around 60 kg of straight pull-out force regardless of fixing type, and trade guidance is to never load a fixing beyond roughly a third of that peak — meaning a safe practical ceiling of about 20 kg per fixing, at best. The right call here is a timber batten fixed across two studs, or finding the stud directly.

Why not just trust the fixing's packet rating?

Packet ratings often describe shear load (force pulling down, parallel to the wall) rather than axial load (force pulling straight out) — a picture hook is mostly shear, a shelf bracket or TV mount is mostly axial, and axial is the harder case for any plasterboard fixing to resist.

How do I actually find a stud?

An electronic stud finder detects the density change; a strong magnet will stick to the screws or nails already in the stud; tapping across the wall gives a dull "thud" over a stud versus a hollow ring in the gap between them. Combine two methods if you're hanging anything heavy enough to matter.

Can I reuse a spring toggle fixing?

No — removing the screw drops the wings into the wall cavity permanently. A snap-toggle or a self-drilling plasterboard screw are the fixings to reach for if you might want to move the item later.

What if the wall is "dot and dab" — plasterboard glued to masonry?

Standard plasterboard fixings only grip the board itself, which is often only glued to the masonry behind at intervals — for anything heavy, drill through to the masonry and use a wall plug rated for the actual load, long enough to reach solidly past the adhesive gap.